Exploration of this site began in late 19th century with the idea of finding what was thought to be the mythical palace of King Minos. Not mythical, but real, identified as such in 1877. Several later attempts at excavation were made, but it was Arthur Evans who arrived and stayed for 30 years at his own expense and who finally continued the work and the result is mostly what we see today.
The first palace of Knossos was built before 1700 BC, but was destroyed by a catastrophic event, probably an earthquake. A new palace was built on the site, larger and more grand, in total size about 180,000 sq ft.
This was the center of the Minoan civilization: with its great palace, five entrances, a labyrinth of 1,500 rooms over 5 levels, an efficient water supply system, the very first flush toilet, magnificent frescoes.
Photo below is the Balcony of the Guard at the highest landing of the Grand Staircase, itself a masterpiece of architecture. Behind the colonnades, frescoes of the guard's figure-of-eight shields.
The Queen's bathroom....
The Minoan culture was advanced and developed a sophistication with beautiful art images and commercial activities of pottery, agriculture, textiles, wine and more. They had a growing fleet of ships which probably engaged in trade.
The amplitheater held religious sessions and dances. There was separate seating (not visible at the site) for the royal family and an additional circular step-seating for 500 citizens.
The pot on the right is about five feet tall and 4,000 years old. The other two are modern day copies.
But, a final catastrophe came in 1370 BC, an earthquake is theorized, and the palace and Minoan culture ceased to exist, supplanted by the Mycenaen culture.
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